第一篇
請注意 take for granted ; pose a threat to ; effect ; implement; campaign這些字的用法
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-33980904
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made eliminating open defecation in India a priority, and wants every home to be installed with a toilet by 2019.
請注意 take for granted ; pose a threat to ; effect ; implement; campaign這些字的用法
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-33980904
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made eliminating open defecation in India a priority, and wants every home to be installed with a toilet by 2019.
In recent years, India has implemented well-funded sanitation campaigns, but few have worked.
Some campaigners say that building toilets is not enough and that more needs to be done to reshape attitudes.
But the people behind this scheme hope their alternative approach could be a crucial first step towards ending open defecation in India.
But the people behind this scheme hope their alternative approach could be a crucial first step towards ending open defecation in India.
Some of these people fear that there are witches inside or that their children will be kidnapped.
These people have come from small villages, and so they are not used to the practice.
When people defecate in the open, flies feed on the waste and then carry small amounts away on their bodies. The flies then come into contact with food.
Human waste can also run into wells and streams, contaminating water that may be used for drinking or bathing.
Ingested bacteria and worms spread diseases, causing sickness and malnutrition.
We have observed some children are still doing open defecation just in front of the pay-and-use.
So we realised we have to introduce some other scheme. We are giving one rupee (less than a penny) to the children per day, or we're giving them chocolates to encourage use of the toilets.
The five-year-old lives in a tiny room with her two siblings and parents. Like many others in her neighbourhood, a nearby river or public toilets are her only options.
第二篇
請注意 have access to ; incentives ; subsidise ; 和lack這些字的用法
Why do millions of Indians defecate in the open?
請注意 have access to ; incentives ; subsidise ; 和lack這些字的用法
Why do millions of Indians defecate in the open?
They are among the 48% of Indians who do not have access to proper sanitation.
It can be even more hazardous for women since each time a woman uses the outdoors to relieve herself, she faces a danger of sexual assault.
Recently two teenage girls from the state of Uttar Pradesh were gang-raped and found hanging from a tree after they left their village home to go to the toilet. Their house, like hundreds of millions of others in the country, did not have any facilities.
Apart from poverty and lack of lavatories, one of the reasons often cited to explain open defecation in India is the ingrained cultural norm making the practice socially accepted in some parts of the society.
India's government offers cash incentives to subsidise construction of toilets.
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